Про деревья и кустарники.
Чтобы, гуляя по лесу или в парке с ребенком-билингвом, он не застал врасплох вопросом: "А как называется это дерево?", можно освежить в памяти следующий список названий деревьев (кое-где с транскрипцией):
2. ТОПОЛЬ - POPLAR
Poplars are fast-growing trees. People like them for their beauty and the shade they provide. Aspens and cottonwoods are types of poplars.
Poplars come in many shapes and sizes. Flowers appear on all poplars. the flowers develop pods (коробочки) with tiny seeds. These pods will open and the fluffy (пушистые) seeds will float to the ground. Poplar leaves are oval, heart-shaped, or round.
Poplars have soft wood that is used to make furniture, particle board (ДСП), and paper.
Although it is useful in some ways, the poplar tree can also cause problems. The roots are always looking for water pipes or sewer lines (канализационный трубопровод), their roots will clog them.
3. РЯБИНА - MOUNTAIN ASH или ROWAN
['rəuən ], ['rauən]
Prized for their handsome foliage (листва), white flower clusters, and brightly colored berrylike fruits, varieties of mountain ash are often cultivated as ornamental trees. Although it is not related to the common ash, the mountain ash is so named beacuse its leaves resemble those of the common ash. The two best-known varieties are the American nd European mountain ash. The American mountain ash, also called dogberry, is found in eastern North America. Its leaves are composed of 11 to 17 spearlike serrated (зазубренный) leaflets (листики). The fruit is shiny red. The European mountain ash, also called rowan or quickbeam.
4. ОЛЬХА - ALDER
['ɔːldə]
Alder is often a large shrub, but it may grow to a height of 18 meters. The leaves are oval, coarse (крупные), and irregularly notched (зазубренные). They are dark green above with a whitish down underneath. In late summer male and female catkins (сережки) form on the same twig (побег). The mature fruit resembles small fir cones. The wood is soft, light, and of little value.
On the Pacific coast the red alder grows to 24 to 40 meters. The wood is used for furniture, veneers (однослойная фанера), and wooden novelties (сувениры). It is one of the first trees to appear on burned and logged areas.
5. ЕЛЬ - SPRUCE
[spruːs]
The ornamental and timber trees known as spruces are native to the temperate and cold regions of the Northern Hemisphere. These cone-bearing evergreen trees are usually pyramid-shaped with whorled branches and thin, scaly bark. When the trees grow singly, their lower branches often touch the ground.
The blue spruce is used as an ornamental because of its bluish needles and symmetrical growth.
Commercially, spruce wood is valuable. Because of its resonant quality, it is considered one of the finest woods for piano sounding boards and for the bodies of violins. It is also used in construction, in the manufacture of boats and barrels, and as pulpwood. Small specimens are popular as Christmas trees.
6. БОЯРЫШНИК - HAWTHORN
[hɔ͟ːθɔː(r)n]
Many varieties of the thorny shrubs and trees called hawthorns are grown for their attractive flowers and fruits. The plants are also known as haws or thornapples.
Hawthorns are usually small trees or large shrubs. The plants have scaly (чешуйчатая), gray bark and oval leaves with teeth or rounded sections along the edges. Hawthorns shed their leaves in autumn. In late spring and early summer white or pink flowers bloom, usually in clusters. When the flowers die, small, applelike fruits appear. In most species the fruits are red, but in some hawthorns they are blue or black.
A row of hawthorns planted together makes a good hedge. The hawthorn's combination of sturdy twigs, hard wood, and many thorns makes it an effective barrier to cattle and hogs.
7. ОСИНА - ASPEN
['æspən]
The trees called aspens are known for their fluttering (колебание, дрожание) leaves. Their leaf stalks (стебелек) are long, waek, and flattened (сплющенный). They allow the leaves to move in even the slightest breeze.
The bark of aspens is usually smooth and greenish gray or white. Aspen leaves are rich green. In autumn the leaves turn bright yellow before they fall off the tree.
People use aspens to make paper. They also value aspens for their shade and beauty.
8. ДУБ- OAK
Чтобы, гуляя по лесу или в парке с ребенком-билингвом, он не застал врасплох вопросом: "А как называется это дерево?", можно освежить в памяти следующий список названий деревьев (кое-где с транскрипцией):
[bɜ͟ː(r)tʃ]
The trees called birches have long been known for their beautiful bark (кора).
Birch trees are found in the noethern half of the world. They grow in areas with cool to cold weather.
Birches have narrow trunks (стволы). Their bark is often white, and it has lines that go from side to side. Most young birch trees have bark that is easy to peel off (отчищается, сдирается).
Birch leaves are usually bright green. They turn golden yellow in the fall. Clusters of flowers (соцветия) grow on birches. They are called catkins (сережки). Some catkins look like miniature pinecones (шишки). These cones hold seeds (семена). When the cone falls apart, the seeds scatter (рассыпаются).
2. ТОПОЛЬ - POPLAR
Poplars are fast-growing trees. People like them for their beauty and the shade they provide. Aspens and cottonwoods are types of poplars. Poplars come in many shapes and sizes. Flowers appear on all poplars. the flowers develop pods (коробочки) with tiny seeds. These pods will open and the fluffy (пушистые) seeds will float to the ground. Poplar leaves are oval, heart-shaped, or round.
Poplars have soft wood that is used to make furniture, particle board (ДСП), and paper.
Although it is useful in some ways, the poplar tree can also cause problems. The roots are always looking for water pipes or sewer lines (канализационный трубопровод), their roots will clog them.
3. РЯБИНА - MOUNTAIN ASH или ROWAN
['rəuən ], ['rauən]
Prized for their handsome foliage (листва), white flower clusters, and brightly colored berrylike fruits, varieties of mountain ash are often cultivated as ornamental trees. Although it is not related to the common ash, the mountain ash is so named beacuse its leaves resemble those of the common ash. The two best-known varieties are the American nd European mountain ash. The American mountain ash, also called dogberry, is found in eastern North America. Its leaves are composed of 11 to 17 spearlike serrated (зазубренный) leaflets (листики). The fruit is shiny red. The European mountain ash, also called rowan or quickbeam.4. ОЛЬХА - ALDER
['ɔːldə]
Alder is often a large shrub, but it may grow to a height of 18 meters. The leaves are oval, coarse (крупные), and irregularly notched (зазубренные). They are dark green above with a whitish down underneath. In late summer male and female catkins (сережки) form on the same twig (побег). The mature fruit resembles small fir cones. The wood is soft, light, and of little value. On the Pacific coast the red alder grows to 24 to 40 meters. The wood is used for furniture, veneers (однослойная фанера), and wooden novelties (сувениры). It is one of the first trees to appear on burned and logged areas.
5. ЕЛЬ - SPRUCE
[spruːs]
The ornamental and timber trees known as spruces are native to the temperate and cold regions of the Northern Hemisphere. These cone-bearing evergreen trees are usually pyramid-shaped with whorled branches and thin, scaly bark. When the trees grow singly, their lower branches often touch the ground. The blue spruce is used as an ornamental because of its bluish needles and symmetrical growth.
Commercially, spruce wood is valuable. Because of its resonant quality, it is considered one of the finest woods for piano sounding boards and for the bodies of violins. It is also used in construction, in the manufacture of boats and barrels, and as pulpwood. Small specimens are popular as Christmas trees.
6. БОЯРЫШНИК - HAWTHORN
[hɔ͟ːθɔː(r)n]
Many varieties of the thorny shrubs and trees called hawthorns are grown for their attractive flowers and fruits. The plants are also known as haws or thornapples.Hawthorns are usually small trees or large shrubs. The plants have scaly (чешуйчатая), gray bark and oval leaves with teeth or rounded sections along the edges. Hawthorns shed their leaves in autumn. In late spring and early summer white or pink flowers bloom, usually in clusters. When the flowers die, small, applelike fruits appear. In most species the fruits are red, but in some hawthorns they are blue or black.
A row of hawthorns planted together makes a good hedge. The hawthorn's combination of sturdy twigs, hard wood, and many thorns makes it an effective barrier to cattle and hogs.
7. ОСИНА - ASPEN
['æspən]
The trees called aspens are known for their fluttering (колебание, дрожание) leaves. Their leaf stalks (стебелек) are long, waek, and flattened (сплющенный). They allow the leaves to move in even the slightest breeze.The bark of aspens is usually smooth and greenish gray or white. Aspen leaves are rich green. In autumn the leaves turn bright yellow before they fall off the tree.
People use aspens to make paper. They also value aspens for their shade and beauty.
8. ДУБ- OAK
[əuk]
Oaks are trees and shrubs of the beech (бук) family. There are about 450 species, or types, of oak. They are common in places with mild weather. Oaks can take 100 years to develop fully and can then live another 900 years.
They have thick trunks and large branches that spread wide. The leaves can have rounded, rough, or smooth edges. Oaks bear male flowers and female flowers on the same tree. The fruit is the acorn (желудь) - a round nut in a woody cup. New oaks can grow easily from acorns.
Oaks have many uses. The wood of many types of oak is valued in carpentry and building
9. ЛИСТВЕННИЦА - LARCH
Oaks are trees and shrubs of the beech (бук) family. There are about 450 species, or types, of oak. They are common in places with mild weather. Oaks can take 100 years to develop fully and can then live another 900 years. They have thick trunks and large branches that spread wide. The leaves can have rounded, rough, or smooth edges. Oaks bear male flowers and female flowers on the same tree. The fruit is the acorn (желудь) - a round nut in a woody cup. New oaks can grow easily from acorns.
Oaks have many uses. The wood of many types of oak is valued in carpentry and building
9. ЛИСТВЕННИЦА - LARCH
[lɑ͟ː(r)tʃ]
Larches are trees that belong to the pine family. They are conifers, which means thet they grow cones. Most conifers are evergreens, or trees that keep their leaves all year long. Larches are unusual because they shed their leaves in the autumn.
Larches grow mainly in cool areas in hte northern half of the world. One species, or kind, of larch grows only in the Himalaya Mountains of southern Asia.
Larches have needle-shaped leaves that grow in clusters. New cones on the trees are bright red. Later the cones turn brown.
The wood of larches is strong, hard, and heavy. It is used to make ships, telephone poles, and railroad ties.
10. КЛЕН - MAPLE
['meɪpl]
Maples are trees and shrubs that are often planted in parks and along city streets. They are good shade trees beacuse their leaves form thick dome. In autumn the leaves turn spectacular colors, such as yellow, pink, orange, scarlet, and deep purple.
Maple syrup is made from the sap (сок) of sugar maples.
Другие деревья:
Облепиха - sea-buckthorn ['bʌkθɔːn]
Ива плакучая - weeping willow
Черемуха - bird cherry tree
Сирень - lilac ['laɪlək]
Тис - yew [juː]
Сосна - pine
Вяз - elm
Яблоня - apple tree
Липа - lime tree или linden
Можжевельник - juniper ['ʤuːnɪpə]
Ясень - ash tree
Пихта - fir, silver fir
Использована информация из детской энциклопедии "Britannica".
Larches are trees that belong to the pine family. They are conifers, which means thet they grow cones. Most conifers are evergreens, or trees that keep their leaves all year long. Larches are unusual because they shed their leaves in the autumn. Larches grow mainly in cool areas in hte northern half of the world. One species, or kind, of larch grows only in the Himalaya Mountains of southern Asia.
Larches have needle-shaped leaves that grow in clusters. New cones on the trees are bright red. Later the cones turn brown.
The wood of larches is strong, hard, and heavy. It is used to make ships, telephone poles, and railroad ties.
10. КЛЕН - MAPLE
['meɪpl]
Maple syrup is made from the sap (сок) of sugar maples.
Другие деревья:
Облепиха - sea-buckthorn ['bʌkθɔːn]
Ива плакучая - weeping willow Черемуха - bird cherry tree
Сирень - lilac ['laɪlək]
Тис - yew [juː]
Сосна - pine
Вяз - elm
Яблоня - apple tree
Липа - lime tree или linden
Можжевельник - juniper ['ʤuːnɪpə]
Ясень - ash tree
Пихта - fir, silver fir
Использована информация из детской энциклопедии "Britannica".
